The US has imposed sanctions on Turkish ministries and senior government officials in response to the country's military offensive in northern Syria.
President Donald Trump also phoned his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan to demand an immediate truce, Vice-President Mike Pence said.
Mr Pence said he would travel to the region "as quickly as possible".
The move comes after criticism of a US troop withdrawal from the region which some say gave Turkey a "green light".
The Turkish offensive, which began last week, aims to push the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) from the border region.
Kurdish-led forces have been a key ally of the US in the fight against the Islamic State (IS) group in Syria. They described the US withdrawal, which preceded Turkish action, as being a "stab in the back".
There are fears the local destabilisation could risk a resurgence of the IS group, as thousands of former fighters and their relatives are being detained in northern Syria. Hundreds are said to have already escaped from one camp.
Facing immense pressure, Kurdish-led forces on Sunday announced a deal with the Syrian government for military support to help repel Turkey.
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